Device for testing lubricating oils



July 11, 1928.

A. A. SCHAEFER DEVICE FOR T Esnm}. Luanrcnma 0113 Filed Dec.- 12, 1921 I to provide simple and elle ctive method:

Patented July 17, 1928.

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Application filed December :12, 1921. semi-moraines;

, This invention relates to. methodsllof land! devices for. treating. and I demonstrating; the

used and proposed for testing and determining:the viscosity of oilsas well fasfltheir.

flash points and the lil e,"suchmethods re-l qui ring more or less expensive and complicated vdevices or: apparatus. and expert knowledge andwmanipulation...

The objects of. hepresent invention-are of :and device for determining. and demon strating the relative viscosity of different lubricating} oils and the-.relative frictionalv resistances. between p arts to which the. oils are-applied; also lto provlde- BJILIIIIPIOVG method of i and. means .;-for determining; and. demonstrating the adhesive qualities of luY-g and also i to provide-1 anbricating; oils; IIIIPFOVQCl method ofm and: means for determining I and demonstrating the sealing; qualities; or properties of. Iubricat- Further 1 objects are= to;- provide ing. oils..-.

device; for determiningand demonstrating, such propertiesinna manner to .be" easily understood and ,requlrlng noaexpert knowledge -1 or skill to operate -and unden stand; and to provide means for demonstrating; :tlie properties of L lubricating oils when used, for example, in the oiling systems of internal combustion engines or the like.

In the accompanying drawings: I

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a device embodying the invention,

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation thereof.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation thereof.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4-4, Fig. 2.

According to the invention, there are provided two relatively movable parts preferably of material similar to the material of the parts of the machine on which the oil is to be used. These parts are preferably of a size and form to be readily manipulated by hand and when a sample or, film of oil is applied to the contact surface of one of the parts, and the contact surface of the other part moved or rubbed thereon, the frictional resistance between the parts can be felt and gaged by the operator. In this manner with one or more devices, a test and demonstration of the frictional resistance properties off di'fi'er'ent lubricating}, oils may. bemade and]: readil appreciated f and undr-' stoodliby; an unskilled operator.

In the drawing. there ishsh own a device adapted to carry out this invention and con sisting, offia plunger 10 "which moves Y in, a tubelior cyl1nder- 11.... The :plunger 10 i' has a EPQ F L; bf lmi form diameter and pref; I erably; formed of suitable metal to freely;

slide .in the itubeor cylindervlL- The cont-acting, surfaces 10f I the plunger 1Q and: I the tube 11 are preferably smooth andythe plunger :iss-fui -thermore preferably provided with arhandle litf Tomake the frictional resistance. referred? to hereinabove, a small quant ty of :oil is placed on the portion;

di 12mins plunger, 'the tube 1 1" is held in 1 one handiand "the; handle 1 13- of plunger 10 is-- graspedcby the other hand of the operator,- and-.the plunger is reeiproeated in the-cyl indr, as illustrated inf-Fig. 1 of the drawlIlgSf Byjua'ngtwo'or more of thesedevicesv imcounectiou-withi different grades or types I ofzo1ls, the relativefrictional resistances tween the working determined and 'note or -one device may be used for testing severapl-oilgafter oneoil has been tested, the plunger-beingcleaned oprwipeddbefore reeeivingg the 'other oils:

A. further frictional IGSIStQIICG-y test quay be made by turning or rotating the plunger 10 about its axis in the tube 11.

In order to demonstrate the properties'or qualities of theoils under diflerent conditions of usage, as for example, in the cylinders of internal combustion engines, means are provided for closing and sealing one end of the tube or cylinder when desired. This I may be done by any suitable means, such as a valve, part or member which will close the end of the tube tovthe atmosphere when desired. In the embodimentillustrated, a plug- 14, preferably of suitable resilient material, is provided, which plug is adapted to be inserted in an end of the tube to seal it, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing. The plunger, upon which a small quantity of the oil to be tested has been placed, is then inserted in the open end of the tube and upon forcing the plunger into the tube, the sealing effect and properties of the oils, as well as the elasticity of the oil seal on the compression stroke of the piston, may be obfiarts may be readily served. The sealing effect of the oils andthe elasticity and the resiliency of the oil seals may also be noted and observed by attempting to withdraw the plunger from the tube,

thus demonstrating the frictional resistance-- and. the resiliency and elasticity of the oil seal under a vacuum. These operations are carried out as set forth hereinabove for the frictional resistance test, that is by grasping the cylinder in one hand and by manipulating the plunger with theother hand.

A further test to demonstrate the adhesive 7 properties of the oils and the sealing effect 'may be inade by standing the tube upright on its closed end and placing the oil coated end of the plunger in the open end of'the tube, as shown in Fig. 3. In this test, no

pressure is applied to the plunger or the handle end of the plunger, and by noting the rate of speed at which the plunger lowers of its own weight in the tube, the adhesive properties of the oils and the sealing effect produced thereby may be readily noted.

The methods and device described permit of the viscuous, elastic, sealing and other properties'of an oil being readily understood and appreciated by unskilled purchasers or users of the oil, and provide a most simple, ready and easily understandable means of demonstrating such properties. The device illustrated is simple and strong and ro'ntains no delicate parts or adjustments to get out of order. It may be readily carried about from place to place and the different resistances and elasticity attendant upon the use of different lubricating oils are clearly and forcibly impressed upon the operator as the device is manipulated.

I claim as my invention:

1. A portable, hand operated device for testing and comparing the properties of oils and various lubricants, comprising a cylindrical tube having a smooth bore, a piston having a smooth surface closely fitting the bore of the tube and freely slidable endwise into-and out of the bore to various extents from one end thereof, whereby when'a coatr'ing of the sample of the lubricant to be tested is interposed between the contacting,

,ino'vable surfaces of the piston and tube bore, the opposition offered to the relative movement of the piston and tube will serve as a relativeindicat-ion of the quality ofthe and various lubricants, comprising a cylins drical'tube having a smooth bore, a piston having smooth surface closely fitting the bore of the tube, and freely slidable endwise into and out of the bore to various extents from one end thereof, whereby when a' coating of the sample of the lubncantto be tested is interposed between the contacting movable surfaces of the piston and tube bore, the opposition offered to the relativev movementof the piston and tube will serve as a relative-indication of the quality of the lubricant, and a plug removably fitting the other end of said tube to enable the selective openlng or closing of that end of the tube to atmosphere, whereby the relative sealing quality of the lubricant will be indicated by ther'esistance offered to the piston by the air trapped in the closed end of the tube.

- ADOLPH A. SCHAEFER. 

